托福考试官方指南 第5版 PDF

《托福考试官方指南：第5版》由托福考试出题方ETS编著，是托福考试官方信息的来源。本书除总体介绍考试内容和备考策略外，还具体讲解四大考试部分（阅读、听力、口语和写作）的题型分类、解题策略、评分细则、考官评语、针对性练习等。提供4套全真模考题，有纸版和DVD光盘模考两种形式。此外，《托福考试官方指南》会不定期地进行改版，向考生展示考试的新变化。本次出版的是第5版，与第4版相比，共增加约100页内容，主要包括增加一套全真模考题；一些细节信息做了微调，包括备考策略、数据统计、题目形式、写作话题、图片，等等。

ETS：美国教育考试服务中心（Educational Testing Service）成立于1947年，是非盈利教育考试、评估和研究机构，为美国少儿教育和高等教育开发了多种考试。目前，该组织还为近200个国家的个人、教育机构和政府部门提供服务，每年开展上千万人次的考试，包括TOEFL、TOEFL、TOEIC等这些国际性考试。

1 About the TOEFL iBT ® Test 1

Getting Started …………………………………………………………………………………………….1

How to Use This Book/DVD Package …………………………………………………………….2

All About the TOEFL iBT® Test ……………………………………………………………………4

Reading Section ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Listening Section ………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Speaking Section ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 17

Writing Section …………………………………………………………………………………………. 19

About Test Scores ………………………………………………………………………………………. 21

General Skill-Building Tips ………………………………………………………………………… 25

Test Preparation Tips from ETS ………………………………………………………………….. 33

Questions Frequently Asked by Test Takers …………………………………………………. 34

2 Reading Section 37

Reading Passages ……………………………………………………………………………………… 37

Reading Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………. 38

Basic Information and Inferencing Questions ……………………………………………… 38

Reading to Learn Questions …………………………………………………………………….. ..50

Strategies for Preparing for the Reading Section …………………………………………. ..58

Reading Practice Sets ………………………………………………………………………………… 60

Practice Set 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60

Practice Set 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69

Practice Set 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 78

Practice Set 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88

Practice Set 5 ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 98

Practice Set 6 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 108

 

3 Listening Section 119

Listening Materials …………………………………………………………………………………. 119

Listening Questions ………………………………………………………………………………… 121

Basic Comprehension Questions …………………………………………………………….. ..122

Pragmatic Understanding Questions ……………………………………………………….. .. 128

Connecting Information Questions ………………………………………………………….. .. 131

Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Listening Section ……………………. …137

Listening Practice Sets …………………………………………………………………………….. 139

Practice Set 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 139

Practice Set 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 144

Practice Set 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 149

Practice Set 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 154

Practice Set 5 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 160

4 Speaking Section 165

The Speaking Section ……………………………………………………………………………… 165

Speaking Questions …………………………………………………………………………………. 166

Independent: Questions 1 and 2 ……………………………………………………………… … 166

Integrated Reading/Listening/Speaking: Questions 3 and 4 …………………………. ..170

Integrated Listening/Speaking: Questions 5 and 6 ……………………………………… ..179

Speaking Scoring Rubrics ………………………………………………………………………… 188

Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Speaking Section ……………………. … 192

Frequently Asked Questions About the TOEFL® Speaking Section ……………… 193

5 Writing Section 195

The Writing Section ………………………………………………………………………………… 195

The Integrated Writing Task …………………………………………………………………….. 196

How the Task Is Phrased ………………………………………………………………………… 198

Strategies for Taking the Integrated Writing Task ………………………………………. 199

Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric ……………………………………………………………. 201

Sample Scored Responses for the Integrated Writing Task …………………………. 203

The Independent Writing Task …………………………………………………………………. 207

How Essays Are Scored …………………………………………………………………………. 208

Independent Writing Scoring Rubric ………………………………………………………… 210

Sample Scored Responses for the Independent Writing Task ……………………… ..212

Independent Writing Topics …………………………………………………………………….. 217

Topic List …………………………………………………………………………………………….. ..217

6 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 1 221

Reading …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 223

Listening …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 243

Speaking …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 257

Writing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263

Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts ……………………………………………. …269

7 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 2 327

Reading …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 329

Listening …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 351

Speaking …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 365

Writing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 371

Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts ……………………………………………. … 377

8 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 3 435

Reading …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 437

Listening …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 461

Speaking …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 477

Writing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 483

Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts ……………………………………………. … 489

9 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 4 549

Reading …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 551

Listening …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 575

Speaking …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 591

Writing ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 597

Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts ……………………………………………. .. 603

10 Writer’s Handbook for English Language Learners 669

Grammar ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 669

Usage ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 682

Mechanics ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 689

Style ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 699

Organization and Development ………………………………………………………………… …704

Advice to Writers ……………………………………………………………………………………… 717

Revising, Editing, and Proofreading ………………………………………………………….. .. 723

Glossary ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 726

Appendix: Performance Feedback for Test Takers…………………………………. …731